According to the First Amendment, when can free speech be limited?

The First Amendment protects free speech, but there are specific circumstances where limitations can apply. The most recognized situation for limiting free speech involves considerations related to national security. This is significant because the government is often granted the authority to restrict speech that poses a direct threat to the safety and security of the nation, such as during times of war or when speech could incite violence or unrest that endangers others.

This aligns closely with the historical context of the First Amendment, where restrictions can be justified if there is a clear and present danger to national security. In contrast, ideas deemed offensive or hate speech present complex legal challenges and are often protected unless they incite violence or are used in a manner that directly leads to harm. Thus, limiting speech in the name of national interest recognizes the balance between protecting individuals' rights to free expression and ensuring the safety and security of the broader society.