What does the theory of the "veil of ignorance" propose regarding justice?

The theory of the "veil of ignorance," formulated by philosopher John Rawls, proposes that justice is best determined when individuals make decisions without any knowledge of their personal circumstances, such as social status, wealth, skills, or any other distinguishing characteristics. This theoretical approach encourages decision-makers to create policies and principles as if they were unsure of their own placement in the societal hierarchy.

The foundation of this theory rests on the idea that, in a fair society, laws and policies should be designed to ensure fairness for everybody, regardless of their starting position in life. By stripping away personal biases and self-interest, decision-makers are more likely to consider the needs and rights of all individuals equally, fostering a society where justice is genuinely based on equality.

The other options do not capture this essential concept. Some might suggest taking social status into account, which contradicts the idea of impartiality. Others might advocate for strict adherence to existing laws, which could perpetuate injustices. Lastly, suggesting that personal biases make justice irrelevant misses the core of the veil of ignorance, which seeks to eliminate such biases to define fair justice. Hence, making decisions behind the veil leads to more equitable outcomes.