What legislation was enacted after the September 11 attacks to enhance the FBI's surveillance capabilities?

The USA PATRIOT Act was enacted in response to the September 11 attacks with the aim of strengthening national security and enhancing law enforcement's ability to monitor and prevent terrorism. This legislation empowered the FBI and other governmental agencies with expanded surveillance abilities, including increased access to phone and internet records, the ability to conduct sneak and peek searches, and the use of roving wiretaps. The act's primary focus was on preventing future terrorist attacks by enabling authorities to gather intelligence more efficiently and act swiftly in response to threats.

In contrast, the Homeland Security Act primarily focused on the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and centralized responses to various threats, while the Freedom of Information Act relates to public access to government information, aiming to promote transparency rather than enhance surveillance. The Violent Crime Control Act, though it deals with crime and law enforcement, does not specifically address the increased surveillance capabilities associated with national security concerns following 9/11. Hence, the USA PATRIOT Act is the most directly related piece of legislation concerning the enhancement of the FBI's surveillance capabilities in this context.